The Missoulian from Missoula, Montana • 2

A2 Missoulian, Friday, March 28, 2014 WORLD HISTORY MALAYSIA AIRLINES FLIGHT 370 mm da THIS DAY IN HISTORY Today is Friday, March 28, the 87th day of 2014. There are 278 days left in the year. 1 Today's Highlight In History: On March 28, 1939, the Spanish Civil War neared its end as Madrid fell to the forces of Francisco Franco. On this date: In 1834, the U.S. Senate voted to censure President Andrew Jackson for the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States.

In 1854, during the Crimean War, Britain and France declared war on Russia. In 1898, the Supreme Court, in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, ruled that a child born in the United States to Chinese immigrants was a U.S. citizen. In 1914, U.S.

Sen. and Secretary of State Edmund Muskie was born in Rumford, Maine. In 1 930, the names of the Turkish cities of Constantinople and Angora were changed to Istanbul and Ankara. In 1 935, the notorious Nazi propaganda film "Triumph des Willens" (Triumph of the Will) premiered in Berlin with Adolf Hitler present. In 1 941 novelist and critic Virginia Woolf 59, drowned herself near her home in Lewes, East Sussex, England.

In 1943, composer Sergei Rachmaninoff died in Beverly Hills, Calif. In 1969, the 34th president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, died in Washington, D.C., at age 78. In 1979, America's worst commercial nuclear accident occurred with a partial meltdown inside the Unit 2 reactor at the Three Mile Island plant near Middletown, Pa. In 1990, President George H.W.

Bush presented the Congressional Gold Medal to the widow of US Olympic legend Jesse Owens. RICHARD WAINWRIGHTAuociattd Press Crewmen aboard an Royal Australian Air Force AP-3C Orion aircraft look out of their observation windows Monday while searching for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 over the Indian Ocean. 'CREDIBLE LEAD' SHIFTS SEARCH AREA PERTH, Australia (AP) The search zone for the Malaysian airliner that crashed in the Indian Ocean nearly three weeks ago has shifted 680 miles to the northeast after new analysis of radar data suggested the plane flew faster than thought and used more fuel, which may have reduced the distance it traveled, Australia said Friday. The revised search area comes as the weather cleared enough Friday to allow planes to hunt for fresh clues to the fate of the plane carrying 239 people that went missing March 8. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority said the change was based on new analysis provided by the international investigative team in Malaysia.

"This is a credible new lead and will be thoroughly investigated today," Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said Friday "This is an extraordinarily difficult search, and an agonizing wait for family and friends of the passengers and crew," he said. "We owe it to them to follow every credible lead and to keep the public informed of, significant new developments. That is what we are doing." According to continuing analysis of radar data between the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca before contact was lost with the Boeing 777, the aircraft was traveling faster than previously estimated, resulting in increased fuel use and reducing the possible distance the aircraft could have flown into the Indian Ocean. The new area is 123,000 square miles and about 1,250 miles west of Perth, Australia, the launching area for the search. The previous search area was more southwest and about 1,550 miles from Perth.

Hunt for jet lost at sea taxes spotters By KRISTEN GELINEAU and ROB GRIFFITH Associated Press OVER THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN They stare out at a punishingly unbroken expanse of gray water that seems, at times, to blend into the clouds. Occasionally, they press their foreheads against the plane's windows so hard they leave grease marks, their eyes darting up and down, left and right, looking for something -anything that could explain the fate of the missing Malaysia Airlines plane. The hunt for Flight 370, which vanished on March 8 during a trip from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, is complicated in just about every way imaginable, from the vastness of the search area to its distance from land to the brutal weather that plagues it. But for all the fancy technology on board the planes and vessels scouring the swirling waters, the best tool searchers have are their own eyes. Those eyes can spot things man-made equipment cannot.

But they.are also subject to the peculiarities of the human brain. They can play tricks. They can blink at the wrong moment. They can, and often do, grow "It is incredibly fatiguing work," says i Flight Lt. Stephen Graham, tactical coordinator for the crew on board a Royal New Zealand Air Force P-3 Orion that has made six sorties into the southern Indian Ocean search zone.

"If it's bright and glaring, obviously sunglasses help, but there's only so much you can do." Search and rescue makes up a small part of what Graham's squadron does, and visual spotting is an even smaller subset of that. But everyone on board has had to learn how to do it and it's not as simple as most people think. Graham learned as part of a yearlong training stint in Canada, further refined his skills during a six-month course in New Zealand and has had ongoing training since. Crew members have to know what they're doing, because the electronic equipment on board sometimes doesn't. "The P-3 has a lot of really advanced sensors and they're really useful in our other roles, but for search and rescue, when you can't guarantee a large or a metallic target, vision is the best that you've got," Graham said at an air base near Perth, Australia.

If F'-- spotters and was formerly second-in-charge of the U.S. Air Force Rescue and Special Operations School at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, N.M. Still, the monotony of the sea can do funny things to the eyes. "When your eyes sit at a single focus, they do seem to lock into that and it's very easy to glaze over and start missing things," Graham says. "So one of the things we're trained to do is just shift your focal point so look at the wing tip or look inside just for half a second and then out again, and try and keep your mind active." No one on board is a designated spotter; everyone rotates positions, which is the best weapon against fatigue-.

Thirty minutes in the seat is ideal, but they can go up to an hour. Longer than that, Graham says, and effectiveness starts to wane. Breaks are critical in order to prevent them from slipping into a haze, much like a passenger who starts to daydream while staring out the window, Bishop says. "As humans, we're not really good monitors, we're not really good at sitting in a control room and watching for the gauges to move," Bishop says. "And that's really what you're doing with search and rescue and recovery is you're looking for something." Satellite images of floating objects that may or may not be debris from the missing jetliner give searchers some guidance on where to look, with the most recent pictures provided by Japan and Thailand.

On a recent flight over the zone, the U.S. Navy's P- 8 Poseidon flew in slow, straight, parallel sweeps, scanning the ocean below with both radar and the spotters' eyes. "Now we're just mowing the lawn," said Lt. j.g. Kyle Atakturk, describing the monotonous search pattern.

A crew member finishes up a one-hour stint at the window, his last for the day. He swivels around in his seat, sitting motionlessly for a moment, face drawn, eyes bulging. Finally, he blinks, shakes his head, and then stands up and walks it off. Although the crew is kept well-fed and hydrated, there are few opportunities for genuine rest periods, Graham says. Whenever a spotter finishes a shift at the window, another job awaits from navigating to tactical coordination.

The weather further complicates their jobs. When it's calm and the seas are glassy, anything unusual is easy to spot. When the wind is up and the waves are high, the added motion and color from the whitecaps are a distraction. The speed of the aircraft, too, means there is little time to verify what an object is before it has slipped from view. The job can be tedious, but then there's an unbeatable rush of adrenaline when they catch a glimpse of something below.

Chatter picks up pace and volume. Hearts pound. "Thinking about that is what keeps you going over what can be really, really long and quite dull missions at times," Graham says. "Is it going to be behind this next wave?" THIS DAY IN HISTORY Sponsored by: Historical Museum AaMmmMiSf 3400 Captain Rawn Way Bldg. 322 Fort Missoula Missoula, Montana (406) 728-3476 www.f$rtmisslimiseim.$rg CORRECTIONS Incorrect time The time for an open house at the Missoula Masonic Lodge was incorrect in Thursday's Missoulian.

The open house is from 5 to 8 p.m. First Friday, April 4, at 126 E. Main St. r. Graham, for example, sports brown thick-rimmed eyeglasses and admits his eyesight isn't as good as it once was.

But they do need to be able to correct it to 2020 with contacts or glasses, and they must exhibit excellent attention to detail. That's because even the tiniest detail could signify their target white objects, anything angular that might be man-made, anything orange since aircraft items that are designed to be located are generally yellow or orange. Some of the seaweed in the search area is bright orange, causing hearts to briefly race when it comes into view. They're trained to constantly move their eyes in an pattern, or up and down whatever keeps them alert, says Ron Bishop, who once trained Inside the shadowy confines of New Zealand's P-3 Orion, the spotters drop into their seats, which they swivel toward the window and inch forward before leaning into the bubble -shaped windows that extend outward from the plane, permitting them to see straight down. When the oils from their skin smudge the window, they wipe away the marks with eyeglass cloths.

There are two spotters on either side of the aircraft. They rest their elbows on a padded shelf, their binoculars sitting at arm's reach. A small pocket near each window contains safety manuals, paperwork and a handful of barf bags. On at least one particularly bumpy flight, the crew had to use them. They don't have to have naturally perfect vision; i a cat WHOM TO CALL Missed your paper? 1 -866-839-6397 Need to start or stop your paper? 1-866-839-6397 Subscription Information 1-866-839-6397 General Information Publisher Jim McGowan 523-5201 Email jmcgowanmissoulian.corn Editor Sherry Devlin 523-5250 Email sdevtinmissoulian.com News department 523-5240, 1-800-366-7186 Fax 523-5294 Circulation (Monday-Friday only, 7:30 a 523-5290 Linda Otway Sales and marketing Tara Halls 523-5216 Brooke Redpath 523-5217 Fax 523-5221 Online advertising Rod Austin 523-5202 digital news editor Leland Buck 523-5212 Marketing and community outreach Stephanie Bun Financial services Annalisa Martin 523-5206 Classified advertising 721-6200, 1-800-332-6212 Obituaries 523-5240.

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